Philosophy Originated From The Greek Language. It Is Made Up Of Two Wo

Philosophy originated from the Greek language. It is made up of two words: "philein" which means to love and "sophia" which means wisdom. There are three fundamental questions in the field of philosophy which are referred to as the Existential Concerns. "What can I know?", "What ought I to do?", "What is the meaning of life and my place in the universe?" These complex questions are discussed in the basic areas of philosophy. Epistemology is the theory of knowledge. The major question in this area is, what is truth? There are various theories about the correct answer. One explanation is the Correspondence Theory of Truth. This theorem puts forth the idea that the only real truth has tangible evidence to back it up. For example, a witness to a crime. That person was the only one, other then the direct people involved who know what happened. However, religion and science are two forms that go against this theorem. Another theory is nothing is truth. This consists of the idea that we cannot know anything with certainty. The followers of this theorem are usually classified as being "skeptical". Another explanation for truth is considered Sense Perception. Sense Perception is subjective and relative, therefore it is not a tangible form of knowledge. There is still one more form of determining the truth, mathematics or Intellectual Knowledge. For example, if I were to ask you to add two and three, the only true answer you could give me would be five. The is not a subjective or relative example. Many people consider math to be a universal truth. There are various questions associated with the area of ethics. Each of them deal with morals. Morals are defined as the right conduct or duties of a man. The first question is, are there any universal moral values? Moral relativists will either deny or be in favor of the existent of universal values. One instance where I can explain this idea, is with the Nuremberg trials of 1946. Post World War II, several top officials of the Nazi regiment were put on trial for the "crimes they committed against humanities". However, they didn't plead guilty. Their defense was that they were simply following orders and the laws presented by the state. Do you believe that is a suitable reason for their actions? If so, you believe that universal moral values do not exist. That each country and/or group of people have separate rights and wrongs associated with their culture. On the other hand if you feel that the Axis Powers were correct in putting these officers on trial, then you believe that there are basic moral values, that should be obeyed. The term for this is Equal Dignity. Therefore you believe in a Universal Justice also known as Cicero Natural Law Doctrine. The second question that is discussed, when speaking of ethics, is "What principles should guide my actions or choices?" In other words, what do I base my decisions on? Most people judge their behavior by what is good, fair or just. Others by what will bring them pleasure. These people believe in hedonism. There are individuals that determine their actions by fear, self-preservation or instinct. Furthermore another question is, what makes a society a just one? There are two sides to this question. A major issue concerned with this argument is the imprisonment of convicted criminals. On one hand, some people believe in retributive justice. They understand that one should repay their debt to society, if necessary. They believe in rehabilitation. On the other hand, those who believe in distributive justice are under the concept, that equal wealth is the answer to making a society just. These people believe that everyone should be treated the same. Finally, the last question dealing with ethics is, what is the relationship between laws and morality? Laws are the rules established by an authority. Many people think that laws should be written with the pure intent of creating and therefore, keeping a society in order. Others feel that laws should be written with moral rights in mind. For instance the topic of abortion. Although the law was passed that it is legal for a woman to get an abortion, many believe the law in morally wrong. These people believe that, a child is a life from conception and should have the right to live. Whether they are correct or not, is the law a moral one? Then, the question should be asked who

Impact and value of Nest Essays

Impact and value of Nest Essays Impact and value of Nest Essay Impact and value of Nest Essay Consequence of Nests successes and failures Matt Rogers, the co-founder and UP at engineering once said, Before Nest, people didnt care about their thermostat. l He was probably right in the sense that unlike a lot of other technology or devices, the design and functions of thermostats havent really changed much during the last few decades. By coming up with its own thermostat featuring a unique and cool design, a user-friendly interface, a motion sensor, smart learning ability and long-term energy saving function, Nest manages to create a surprisingly huge impact on its customers and users, the society as a whole ND raise moral, ethical and legal issues that cannot be ignored as its business continue to expand. Influence on customers life According to online feedbacks from Nests customers, benefit brought by Nests thermostat when its working normally is obvious and superior to any of its competitors. Nests technology of auto-learning, auto-schedule and auto-sense give the device the ability to collect data from real world and combine it with virtual world algorithm so that the customers can always enjoy personalized and accurate in-door temperature control without bothering themselves to adjust thermostats manually. The air-wave technology calculates the precise time that the air-conditioner compressor can be turned off before reaching the desired temperature while still being able to maintain the target temperature afterwards with the cold air generated a short period after turning off. This not only provides customers with a room temperature much closer to the desired one, but also increases energy efficiency and reduces energy bill for customers together with the three technologies mentioned previously. 2 By partnering with energy companies and creating projects such as Rushing hour awards and seasonal savings,3 Nest is giving its customers a much lealer idea about their own energy consumption pattern, raising their awareness of energy saving, and provide them with the incentive to be consume energy more efficiently. In conclusion, with its disruptive innovation, Nest turned the zero-sum game between customers and companies into a win-win situation. Also Nests design-thinking process and its emphasis on user experience in its thermostat really changes consumers perception of home appliance and might even lead the future trend of home appliance designing. From now on, customers will have a much high demand when purchasing home appliances. Artistic appearance, smart self-control and even human-like personality might all be required, which are all product characteristics displayed by Nest. The reason for that is because even without the customers themselves noticing, Nests thermostat is actually introducing them into the world of Internet of everything. By using or Just knowing the existence of Nest thermostat, customers are enabled to expand their vision and understanding of connectivity from Just cell- phones, laptops to a much were range AT applications Ana turn Trot resistance to accepting and embracing the idea of appliance self-evolving. However with companies like Honeywell already introducing programmable thermostats long ago, why is Nest the one that attracts mass public attention and wins popularity among customers? The reason might be their focus on the user friendliness of their products. No matter how promising or important the idea of Internet of things is, its mostly Just an idea familiar to people working in hi-tech industry, in other words, geeks. For normal customers, they care much more about getting a functional, cool and easy to use product than getting a sophisticatedly designed one and spent a Eng time admiring its amazing technology or the exciting technology future it represents. Nests design of its thermostat manages to cross the huge gap between geeks and ordinary users by providing the end customers with only the benefits of Internet of things, eliminating most of the complicated technology training or explanation. The simplicity of nests design also shows in its installation, according to Nest three people out of four install nest in less then 30 minutes. 4 All these features educated the customers that people should not adapt to technology, instead, technology should adapt to people. However in terms of dealing with customer relationships, Nest is not doing a satisfying Job. From both Amazon and Nests own community, there are a lot of angry posts regarding the unsuitability of the thermostat,5 and most of them didnt seems to receive up-to-expectation customer service. No matter its a product sold in regions outside North America where the product cannot currently be supported or sold from Amazon but later turned out incompatible with the customers HAVE system, Nest all regard it as not the problem of the thermostat therefore refuses a return to the company directly. This strategy brings a lot of unnecessary trouble to customers and might not be really suitable for a startup still trying to expand its market share. Impact on society and ecosystem Nest is not only influencing customers, but also having an impact on the whole ecosystem it is in. Its partnership with several large energy companies benefits its customers by getting them rebates and access to new exclusive services such as Rushing hour awards and Seasonal Saving, 6 while in the meantime also helping energy companies to build a more environmental friendly image and attract more seers by giving Nest thermostat as a free gift to those who sign certain energy contracts. This breaks the conventional pattern of the industry supply chain existing for decades, in which most of the time energy companies have the biggest authority and apply one-way communication to companies at lower end of the supply chain. Nests thermostat and some of the technology it used is also influencing its competitors including Honeywell and Coble greatly. Just like Apples phone first released to the market, in terms of design Nests thermostat is quite a few generations more superior to its competitors products, therefore sets the future velveteen trend of this industry. When gradually eating up its competitors market snares, Nest Is also encouraging Its competitors to devote more Into Innovation Ana come up with more creative and competitive products like Honeywell WIFE smart thermostat,7 thus accelerating the developing speed of the industry. However resistance still exists, especially from its competitors. Honeywell patent lawsuit against Nest regarding seven patents infringement that is estimated to last for years is an obvious example. No matter whether Nest really used Honeywell patents or tot according to the law, it is clearly a competing strategy of Honeywell intending to distract the companys focus and scare the startup out of the market. From the point of view of both companies, there is really nothing more can be done previously to change the current situation. Once Nest step into the thermostat market with a new and competitive product, it is going to be sued. If Honeywell doesnt do it, other companies would. And for Honeywell, if it cannot release a more competitive product in a short period, then taking advantage of its large pool of patents is the best way to pep its current market leader position. However this is not necessarily a bad thing for the society. The lawsuit between these two companies grabs a lot of media attention and provides the opportunity for governments and society to reconsider the fairness of the patent law. If the current law good enough to encourage new innovations and protect the benefits of its owners while not being taken advantage of by patent trolls with abundant resources as business war tools and discourage valuable start-ups and their disruptive innovation? If it is not, what kind of amendments should be done to improve it? Nests relationship with HAVE manufacturing companies somehow needs improvement. Without really engaging in much cooperation with those HAVE manufacturing companies, Nests thermostat is not compatible with quite a few kinds of HVACs, thus excluding certain segments of customers out of its target market. It seems that Nest is trying to imitate what Apple managed to do, that is adopt close systems and in the end became the industry standard setter. However Nest is not Apple. Unlike Pod, Nest still have substitute products to compete with to win a large enough customer base, and with only one product in the whole industry ecosystem at and, the benefit it can provide its customers who are willing to switch to its standard is simply not enough. The impact Nest can have on the HAVE manufacturing industry might now be as big as it thought it could, and in the long term it might still have to provide more integration options. Nest also runs a very different business model compared to other home appliance companies. In terms of distribution channels, Nest is trying very hard to sell its products directly to its customers, building a more intimate customer relationship and ads-intermediating middle- man to some extent. Even now Nest is selling its Hermosa at Best Buy and Apple, these two official retailers are cleverly picked to maintain its brand image. So far the business model is quite successful in promoting the idea that Nest is something cool and unique and helped the company retain great media attention, therefore might also be adopted by a lot of following companies in the home-tech industry or even a wider range. However, though customers can pay more attention to tenet new cool demonstrates Ana SST nappy about it, it remains unknown whether it would be too much when all the home appliances adopt this business model and require customers energy to interact with very single company. Ethical, Moral and Legal issues Looking into the future of Nests technology and the emergence of Internet of things it represents, certain moral, ethical and legal issues have already been raised. One of them is the information privacy. With a sensor and WIFE connectivity, Nest can gather a lot of personal information about its users. For example, it knows its users energy consumption patterns, daily schedules, whether they are at home or not, or the number of people within the family. As the product and its technology continue to evolve, it might gather even more critical and personal data. These data has to be uploaded for cloud computing in order to provide better service, question is, who will be granted the authority to access these data? Wicked government agencies be allowed to use these data to find crime or determine criminals? On CONTROL TRENDS one of the floggers pictures an unrealistic but somehow representative future. In the year 2021, thermostats have been replaced by the Nest Domestic Constable, a smart device, affectionately known as AY, sold at the Apple store and Best Buy, that reports who is home, when they got there and what they ate. It includes energy paving features like: reporting that the mother left the water running while she brushed her teeth and that father fell asleep with the TV on. This family was sentenced to six months in green prison. 8 Though this is very unlikely to happen, it does show the possible future need of more developed law to regulate private information sharing. Though smart systems like Nest using auto-tune technology is bringing benefits to its users when functioning normally, it does sometimes make bad decisions that are undesirable. In the case of Nest the damage might Just be a too high temperature or running on cooling AC in the summer, which is not severe enough to raise serious attention. However as the technology continuing to develop, when the automatic systems are smart enough to be called artificial intelligence and more previously manual work is given to machines, what could be the consequence of bad automatically generated decisions then? Those might be much more serious than just the wrong temperature within the room. And when those accidents happen, who is going to be responsible for those consequences, the users, the system, or the company? A legal liability framework set by the government would also be in urgent deed when that future comes. To sum up, as a high-tech start-up, Nest has already been bringing positive impact to its customers, the echo-system it is in, and whole society with its superiorly design thermostat. However nothing is perfect, and Nest has also encountered several failures that can be improved in the coming years. But looking into the far distant future, what the company, its products and the idea of Internet of things are going to evolve into is really a question unknown yet really exciting , and their impact on the world will WA Itt De ever nee Day tile o

Diatoms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diatoms - Essay Example Diatom species fall under Bacillariophyta taxa. According to Stoermer and Eugene et al (38), although many species of diatom family may still be unknown, current studies reveal approximately more than ten thousand species. Research backs this up by coming up with statistics that they are the most prevalent in most marine set ups. The key feature with diatoms is that they are used forensically to identify and differentiate different distinct species. The diatomic carapace is a blend of silica component (made up of organic carbon). The carapace composition involves the overlying epitheca and the underlying hypotheca. The two posterior side to side surfaces appear like lock-and-key apparatus. One unique diatom cell can be shielded in the carapace to protect it from harmful environmental factors which may terminate their life cycle. Diatom are known to have distinct features. The carapace for instance have flamboyant over-elaborate designs which clearly depict unique pores. These pores a re crucial in that they allow efficient gaseous exchange within the diatom. They also allow effective sense of the surrounding environment and rapid response to the changing systems within the water body. The diatom research analysis majoring on carpenter Bayou water systems where samples of mud, mineral debris, and organic matter were collected dating to 2015, January. A plastic tube was vertically inserted into the mud to collect the samples. The main objective of this technique was to reduce the highest sand fraction and the lowest clay fraction so as to retain the diatom sample. To obtain the actual diatom cells, 1 gram of the sediment was poured via a sieve to clear any sediments. The purifying procedure was repeated thrice using 45, 90 and 125 micrometers blended with distilled water. The solute that remained in the sieve (mainly diatoms) were spread in a petri dish for four days. This was followed by sample transfer to slides fully

Employee Loyalty - Arbitration Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employee Loyalty - Arbitration Paper - Essay Example Only on failing to get results, he began attacking the management through his new Website, to bring the public’s attention to injustices at ExtremeNet. Based on Allen Lopez’s selfless and continued concern for his subordinates, the ruling is that Lopez should be allowed to continue working for ExtremeNet. According to moral absolutism, some actions are morally wrong to perform, â€Å"even when performing them would bring good results† (Timmons, 2002, p.80). Similarly, Kantian deontology states that a good person’s tendency to follow moral rules will prevent them from breaking the rules even for the sake of ensuring good outcomes (Darr, 2005). Thus, it is against professional ethics for an employee to cause the ridiculing of his company, his seniors or his colleagues, with subsequent decline in the company’s profitable functioning. Further, Allen Lopez could have chosen to raise awareness about discrimination among the lower level employees who were laid off, and organized collective action against the management’s approach, to avoid publicity. The ethical concept of â€Å"loyal and faithful service† (Mead & Sagar, 2006, p.141) to one’s organization was violated by Lopez. Therefore, Allen Lopez should be asked to apologize at his satirical Website to the executives of ExtremeNet, for ridiculing them and the company, and subsequently remove the satirical Website from the worldwide web. Utilitarian teleology states that it is wrong to steal, to lie, etc. However, it allows â€Å"exceptions in the odd cases where the rules interfere with happiness rather than promote it† (Garofalo & Geuras, 1999, p.61). Similarly, according to moral relativism, right and wrong depend on the moral code of a culture (Timmons, 2002). The executives at ExtremeNet should raise the levels of the company’s ethical culture, so that they can expect the same ethical behavior

Developing Ones Identity Is A Lifelong Process Sociology Essay

Developing Ones Identity Is A Lifelong Process Sociology Essay Developing ones identity is a lifelong process. The definition of self-identity, according to psychology is the conscious recognition of the self as having a unique identity. I chose to focus my research on the area of adolescent identity, or youth between 12 and 19 years of age, because that is when so many huge decisions are made that affect a persons life and the direction in which it is going. Upon my research, I have discovered that this is an ever evolving theory. There is so much research and information on this particular subject, that it couldnt possibly be covered in one paper. Many of the theorists build on each other. Henri Tajfels adeveloped social identity theory. Erik Eriksons theory of psychosocial development is one of the best-known theories of personality (Cherry, 2012). And Urie Bronfenbrenner developed the ecological systems theory to explain how everything in a child and the childs environment affects how children grow and develop. There are many other theorist who have affected the way we look at identity as well. And there are many theorists in whom the above theorists have observed and built upon. Eriksons theory has stages, much like Freud and Piaget. One theorist who elaborated on Eriksons theory was James Marcia. Tajfels research consisted of two laboratory experiments that focused on in-groups and out-groups to determine the discrimination of out-groups and the inherent self-esteem boost the participants received when they awarded their own groups, even though they were anonymous, with the most money. He determined that there are three processes used to evaluate others as us or them or in other words, in-groups and out-groups, and that these processes take place in a particular order. First is categorization. We categorize objects in order to understand and identify them, this includes our social environment. We find things out about ourselves according to the categories we belong to. The second stage is social identity. Once categorized to a group, each of us forms our identity based on our belonging to the group and create an emotional bond. From there, we attach our self-esteem to this group membership. The final stage is social comparison. Once our group is formed and we have categorized ourselves, and developed an identity attached to that group, we tend to compare our group with other groups. Our self-esteem in wrapped up in this group, so we need to make sure that we are viewed as favorable in the eyes of other groups. If we are not, then hostility and competition forms between groups to determine the better group or groups. Essentially, we are fighting for our identity. This is especially true for teenagers. There are so many groups that determine young peoples identity. Religion, race, gender, activities, etc. all play an important role in how people define themselves. The next theorist is Erik Erikson. He based all of his work on case studies, and at times was criticized for his lack of formal research. Some felt that he lacked credibility because of his lack of research, but Erikson based his stage-theory on what he had observed in his life as well as case studies. The development of ego identity is one of the main elements of Eriksons psychosocial stage theory. Ego identity is the idea that we develop a conscious sense of self through social interaction. Due to new information and experiences that we acquire every day during our social interactions with others, our ego identity is constantly changing. Erikson also felt that behaviors and actions were motivated by a sense of competence. Erikson believed that each stage can create competence or crisis, or a turning point in ones development. Each quantitative stage presents its own achievements and challenges. The stages are as follows, with a focus on Identity versus confusion, but because his th eory is built on stages, it is important to mention the stages leading up to the adolescent identity stage. The first is Trust vs. Mistrust, because an infant is entirely dependant on their caregiver, they build a sense of trust if they are properly cared for, or mistrust if they are neglected, rejected, or abused. The second stage is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. This stage refers to potty training and food choice. When children successfully complete this stage they either feel secure and confident or inadequate or doubt themselves. The third stage is Initiative vs. Guilt. These are the preschool years when they begin to assert themselves and discover a sense of control and power over others. If successful they feel capable, if they fail they feel that sense of self doubt and guilt. Stage four is Industry vs. Inferiority. A sense of pride begins to develop as children recognize their accomplishments and abilities through their social interactions. When children are encouraged by th eir parents and teachers they develop a sense of competence and a belief in their abilities. This brings us to the stage of Identity vs. Confusion. This is the important stage, at least as far as we are concerned. During their adolescent years, children develop a sense of self by exploring their independence. There are several contributing factors to the formation of identity. As adolescents enter puberty their cognitive skills and physical abilities increase. When teens become more independent they tend to get involved in more neighborhood, community and school activities. Erikson believed that these changes make adolescents begin to explore their future jobs, their relationships and their beliefs. According to Erikson, identity has been formed when a person can evaluate themselves and their environment and links them together expressively. When a person struggles with this identity link, that is when the issues of role confusion occurs. Role confusion causes an individual to quest ion their characteristics, their sense of self and their perceptions of others. Due to changing physical, cognitive, and social factors, nearly all adolescents experience some form of role confusion (Kroger, 2004, as quoted by Sokol, 2009). Identity helps each of us to find our place in the world. It provides us with a sense of belonging, a sense of self, and gives us each a sense of direction. Identity is what makes us move in a particular direction. Identity is what gives us reason to be. Erikson clearly believed that having a solid sense of identity is crucial to further development. Without a true sense of identity, adolescents tend to choose a lifestyle that has negative consequences, because they lack self respect or feel that they dont deserve a better life. The theorist James Marcia, based on Eriksons theory, developed four Identity Statuses of psychological identity. His main idea is that personal choices and their social commitments determine ones identity. It is important to clarify that these are NOT stages, but statuses that can happen in any order or not at all. Marcias four statuses are, first, Identity Diffusion, this is when an adolescent doesnt feel like they have a choice in things pertaining to themselves, when in reality, they just havent made one, or is not willing at that time to make a commitment to one choice or another. Second, is Identity Foreclosure, this is when an adolescent is willing to satisfy others by committing to certain roles, values, or plans for the future. This is not an identity crisis; these individuals are just choosing to conform to what others want for them. The third status is Identity Moratorium, which is when the adolescent is in a crisis, this is when an adolescent is ready to make a choice, but has not committed to any of those choices yet. The final status is Identity Achievement, this is when an adolescent has gone through an identity crisis and has committed to a choice and developed a sense of identity based on that choice. We have all experienced this in our lives. There is not a single adult that can honestly say that they went through their entire youth knowing exactly who they were and who they were going to become. It is a process, a learning curve. I daily duty filled with action and reaction. Every day teenagers, and adults, have to reevaluate certain aspects of their identity bases on what works and what doesnt work. Our final theorist is Bronfenbrenner, his theory is that every aspect of life, every little piece of our existence affects who we are. We are each in the middle of a giant circle. Directly around us is our microsystem, this entails our families, school, everything we see and deal with daily. Next is the exosystem, this is the pieces of ones life out of their direct range, such as parents work place, extended family, neighborhoods, etc. The final circle is the macrosystem, this is where culture and attitudes come into play, for example, war, the economy, and government. Although these things are outside the individuals personal circle, they are still affective in molding and shaping adolescent identity. To sum up all of the research and theories above, it is safe to say that every facet of ones life has an impact on a persons identity in one way or another. Through their upbringing, culture, social roles, and environment, adolescents develop their identity. They learn to rely on those they can trust and build perceptions about the things that they know and the things that they dont know. Their cognitive abilities have reached a point in the adolescent years where they can determine for themselves their own paths based on their own views and opinions, even though much of their thought processes are affected by the values that have been instilled in them. Parents and caregivers play a tremendous role on religion, social status, environment, education and future. Teachers also play a role in the development of a teenagers identity. Through the use of clear expectations and positive praise, a teacher can increase their students self-esteem. They also have the ability to encourage positi ve group choices through group projects and student awareness. Teachers are also powerful role models and can create a strong learning environment that encourages cognitive growth and can increase the desire for students to pursue higher education. Teachers can make a difference in their students lives and help them develop a strong sense of self and identity. The most important thing a teacher can do is to know their students. Resources Cherry, K (2012). Stages of psychosocial  development: Psychosocial development in preschool, middle Childhood, and  adolescence. Retrieved from http://psychology. about.com/od/ psychosocialtheories/a/psychosocial_2.htm Feinstein, S. (2007). Teaching the at-risk teenage brain. Retrieved from http://chapters. scarecrowpress.com/15/788/1578866 464ch1.pdf Gilgun, J (1993). Erik erikson and the use of case studies. Retrieved from (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() Marcia, J. E., (1966), Development and validation of ego identity status, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 3, pp. 551-558. Retrieved from http://iws2.collin.edu/lstern/JamesMarcia.pdf McLeod, S. A. (2008). Social identity theory. Retrieved from http://www.simply psychology.org/social-identity-theory.html Sokol, Justin T. (2009) Identity Development Throughout the Lifetime: An Examination of Eriksonian Theory, Graduate Journal of Counseling Psychology: Vol. 1: Iss. 2, Article 14. Retrieved from http://epublications .marquette.edu/gjcp/vol1/iss2/14 Tahfel, H. (1970). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific American, 223, 96-102 Retrieved from http://www.holah.karoo.net/tajfestudy.htm Woolfolk, a., Perry, N. (2012). Child and adolescent development. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.

Cottle-Taylor

Therefore, original projections will be more beneficial. Also, Mr. Lang had predicted his estimates based on the success in Thailand, but the demographics of Thailand and India are very different. More than 80% of the individuals live on less than $2 per day. So, we recommend that we should follow our original projection of 20% unit sales increase. Regards, Assistant Executives Cottle India Case Analysis Summary Situation analysis: Mr.Lang has asked Brinda Patel to reconsider her projections of 20% for growth in toothbrush sales in India. Lang proposes that a 3% increase in the advertisement budget will lead to a 30% increase in sales. This assumption is based on prior experience and support they received in the Thailand Market. But demographics of India is very different from that of Thailand. Problem Statement: What is the feasibility of achieving a 25% to 30% growth in toothbrush business of Cottle India in 2010?Options: Brinda Patel should present her original marketing plan of 2 0% projection Brinda Patel should revise her marketing plan to achieve 30% sales growth Criteria: Total revenue Profit from operations Accuracy of assumptions Evaluation of Options: From the analysis and projections, it is seen that though revenue would increase in evising the marketing plan and investing in advertising, the profit earned by the company with the original plan of 20% is still more than the revised market plan of 30%.Recommendation: After evaluating the options, it is recommended that Brinda Patel sticks to her original marketing plan of 20% unit sales growth in the toothbrush market. Action plan She should present the original marketing plan to Lang She should convince Lang about the different economic conditions in India as compared to Thailand. Table of Contents Situational Analysis Cottle Taylor company manufactures more than 200 products under three consumer- roduct categories: personal care, home care, oral care. It is a global company and operates in four geogr aphic regions viz. Europe, Latin America, North America and Greater Asia and Africa.In the year 2009, they generated $5. 7 billion out of the total revenue of $1 1. 5 billion from emerging. In India, they are present only in the oral care business and the operations are controlled by Cottle India. India was a massive market with above 1 billion people and was also the largest democracy in the world. In 2009, India had around 37% people living below the poverty line and around 80% lived on less than $2 per day. Majority of the Indian population resided in the rural regions, where the wages were varying, so the consumers in the rural regions were sensitive to prices.The company is trying to focus on both the rural as well as the urban market in India and has hence three products in different price ranges. They are low-end, mid-range and battery operated types. Also, the people living in the rural areas are not well aware of the product toothbrushes. Around 50% of the rural population use chewy twigs from neem tree to clean their teeth and maintain dental hygiene. Cottle India realized the need to educate the people in rural areas regarding ental hygiene and hence the company partnered with Indian Dental Association (IDA) in 2004, to inform and educate people about oral health issues.In 2008, Brinda Patel took over as the marketing director of oral care operations. In 2009, Cottle India had market share of 38% in total oral care. Brinda had a marketing plan which would bring about a 20% increase in sales but her manager has advised her that the company could higher sales growth by investing more in advertisements. Brinda Patel's manager Michael Lang had increased unit sales growth by 25% in Thailand by investing around 3% of sales to advertisement. Langs's suggestion of opting the same strategy as that in Thailand will not suffice the purpose in India because of the huge demographic difference between the two countries.Problem Statement What is the feasibility of achieving a 25% to 30% growth in toothbrush business of Cottle India in 2010? Options Brinda patel basically has two options with her. One was to go with her own option to stick to the original marketing plan and increase her sales by 20% or Another option is to go by Lange's target of 20-25% owtn in unit sales in the tlnancial year by increasing the budget ot advertising. Criteria for Evaluation Financial analysis is one of the main criteria to evaluate the options present in the situation.In the current scenario revenue generation and increasing the profit are the main things to be taken into account. Since there are two criteria for evaluating the criteria we start with is the profit increasing option. Evaluation of options Option 1: Brinda Patel should revise her marketing plan to achieve 30% unit sales growth Lang projected a growth rate of the toothbrush sales by 16% for low end range, by 120% for mid-range and by 25% for the high end range. The total revenue is calculated us ing these fgures (see exhibit 1). The total revenue estimated by Lang is $11705 million.Comparing it with the Patel's estimation the revenue is high. With Langs projection the Revenue increases by 67. 6%. On the other hand evaluating it in terms of profit there is an increase in profit from $12. 6 million to $17. 58 million (see exhibit 2). But Lang is assuming what worked in Thailand will work in India as well. His prediction is on the basis of the market result of Thailand and the demographics of the two countries are quite different. We see, from exhibit 1, that the mid-range toothbrushes are priced at $0. 98 and from Exhibit 3, it is can be seen that pproximately 42. % population live below $1. 37 per day and 40. 7% live below $2. 74 per day. Thus, for a country with about 83. 4 % population below $2 per day, Lang had projected to increase in sales by 120 %. It is quite improbable for a consumer to buy a toothbrush worth $0. 98 when his disposable income is less than $2 per day.

Black Men and Public Spaces Essay

1. In â€Å"Black Men and Public Spaces,† Brent Staples the author, claims how he uncomfortable and bothered of how others view him, due to the fact he is African American. I believe the purpose of this essay is for the readers to realize that stereotypes don’t always have to be real. What I mean by this is that, if you are black you are not always going to be dangerous, wearing baggy clothes, and a gun inside your jacket. He is accused of many things that he doesn’t do just due to the fact he is a young black man, which white people are terrified off. He is an educated according to the reading and he doesn’t believe in violence. The purpose of this is to people to recognize that innocent lives are ending due to these stereotypes of discrimination and fake accusations. â€Å"Altering Public Space in Ugly Ways,† I believe that he uses his experiences and others that people are scared of people are assuming black men are potentially violent. An example in the book is with the young white lady, which he describes in the book as his first victim. This lady in front of Brent Staples was walking and he says she was not comfortable with the space he gave to her. She started walking faster and faster until, she eventually ran, and went away. She thought something bad was going to happen, but as Staples says he enjoys talking walks during the night due to his insomnia. He has never felt comfortable around people as they’re mind is basically survival of the fittest they will stay away to any possible harm, Brent Staples wants to avoid invading personal space. As he states, â€Å" I now take precautions to make myself less threating.† She is writing that during the nights of late evening he is walking with care around people. Questions on Writing Strategy: 1. The concept of Altering Public Space is abstract, but Brent Staples really convinces the reader that it occurs due to all this encounters he has in his essay. As it is formatted in 1st person, it grabs your attention that this all really occurred. He starts off with the woman at the beginning that ran from him, the one she describes as the first victim, then when he moved to New York he describes how people look at him in the subway after he changes from a suit to informal clothes, and how the women will hold their bags tightly as if he was there to rob them. This essay is sad, and he writes gloomy, the writer is expressing how it’s a shame that he is always viewed as a criminal. 2. In Staples essay he gives many examples, but in a great way, he avoided the piece sounding like a list of events. He talks in great detail about an event that occurred, than he changes his setting. For example when he used to live in Chicago then he uses transitions like â€Å" that was more than a decade ago.† And as well how changes the topic and explains his new role in that new city. He uses a lot of adjectives, and doesn’t write like a list.